First, the composition of the product standard system
LED is an emerging lighting electrical product. LED products include themselves, supporting control devices and luminaire products using them as light sources. The standard terms related to these products mainly consist of the following aspects.
1. The terms of use of the product in relation to the safety of people's lives and property
As an electrical product, the safety requirements in use are the most important part recognized internationally. In this respect, China's product standards are almost equivalent to the IEC standard. Even in China's own safety standards, it basically refers to the IEC standard and / Or standards such as ANSI, and are issued and implemented as mandatory standards. For example, the GB19510/IEC61347 lamp control device series and the GB7000/IEC60598 lamp series standard and most of the terms of the light source safety standard fall into this category.
2. Performance requirements of LEDs, controls and fixtures themselves
The purchase of a product by a consumer is actually a function of purchasing the product, and the function of the product is achieved by the evaluation of the performance terms in this aspect. As the LED products for lighting and the corresponding accessory products, it is no exception. The latest (reported draft) "Performance Requirements for LED Modules for General Lighting", "Performance Requirements for Self-ballasted LED Lamps for General Lighting" and "DC or LED Modules" In the performance requirements of AC electronic control devices, the light efficiency, color characteristics, light decay, life and energy efficiency indicators, as well as the luminosity and efficiency indicators of the lamps reflect this requirement.
3. LED, control device and luminaires work together
This part of the standard can be divided into products by product:
(1) Design requirements of the light source for the control device
The light control unit is for the light source. It should be said that the safety indicator of the lamp control device is the most important, but most of its assessment requirements are similar to other electrical appliances, so it is easier to understand. As the requirement of cooperation with the light source, the internal mechanism is relatively profound. The normal working state of the light source is mainly provided by the control device. The matching performance between the control device and the light source is directly related to the luminous efficiency and luminous stability of the light source. And service life, and affect the overall energy efficiency of the system.
(2) Light source design requirements for lamps
After the light source is installed in the luminaire, the working condition of the light source depends on the design structure of the luminaire. If the design structure of the luminaire is unreasonable, it will also seriously affect the normal operation and service life of the light source. For example, road lamps using LEDs require a good seal to ensure dust and water resistance, and a good heat dissipation function to ensure that the junction temperature of the LED can still be at a reasonable level under many adverse conditions. .
4. The evaluation clause of the power supply when working on the lighting appliance
As an electrical appliance, it must comply with the assessment requirements of the power supply, so as to ensure the normal operation of the power supply system and maintain high power supply efficiency. The assessment clauses in this respect are GB17625.1/IEC61000-3-2 line power factor, power supply current harmonics and voltage drop and flicker of GB17625.2/IEC61000-3-3.
5. Electromagnetic interference to the outside world and electromagnetic interference against the outside world
As electrical appliances, electromagnetic interference (EMI) to other electrical appliances, such as power terminal disturbances and radiated disturbances in GB17743/CISPR15, should be limited, while also being able to withstand all possible electromagnetic interference (EMS), such as IEC61547, FCC, etc. The terms of resistance to various electromagnetic interferences.
2. Identification and introduction of LEDs for lighting and their final product application standards
From the above, we can know that for any kind of product, it is generally not a single standard that can completely cover all the assessment requirements. Any product standard is aimed at a certain aspect of the corresponding product, and is applicable to certain products. The scope. It is generally complemented by multiple standards, cited and mutually supported to form a complete standard system, which is the practice adopted by various standard systems in the world.
1. Standards for LED lighting and final application products
Due to the industry separation left by China's planned economy and the narrow knowledge of the practitioners in many lighting industries, it is often heard that some people say that "LED lighting and final application products have no standards for assessment. In fact, this statement is very Childish. For example, LEDs are used as the light source for various final applications. The lamps or self-ballasting lamps composed of them have no change in terms of function and product properties. Therefore, the relevant standard requirements of lamps currently cover almost all of them. The content of the assessment. The various lamps using LED light sources must meet the safety standards, electromagnetic compatibility requirements and light distribution requirements of the lamps. In addition, the evaluation standards for the on-site lighting effects of such lamps are also suitable for this. Class lamps. That is to say, the requirements for the use of LEDs as light sources (also the end products of the application) have long existed. However, there are still many practitioners in our industry who have not identified them.
2. Standards for LED control device products
In terms of LED control devices, the international requirements for IEC61347-2-13 safety standards and ICE62384 performance requirements have been met in the previous year. The corresponding national standards in China have been submitted for approval this year. These two standards and the referenced GB19510.1/IEC61347-1 standard and China's corresponding EMC standards have formed a complete assessment requirements for lighting LED control devices. In addition, in the GB/TXXXX/ICE62384 LED module control device performance requirements standard (reported draft), the requirements for energy efficiency assessment of LED control devices have also been added. The implementation of these standards can effectively control the current low-energy efficiency of resistor current limiting in the LED current limiting and the unsafe hidden dangers. Even for some LEDs that do not have a current limiting and steady flow effect, but only have control devices that adjust the dimming, discoloration, and bright and dark alternation functions of each group of LEDs, there are already GB19510.12/IEC61347-2-11 The special requirements for miscellaneous electronic circuits used in conjunction with lamps. It should be said that the evaluation standards for the control devices for lighting LEDs and modules that have been and will be issued are already perfect.
3. Standards for LEDs for lighting and their module products
For LEDs for lighting and their modules, product standards in this area are emerging and need to be continuously improved. This year, China has formulated the "Safety Requirements for Self-ballasted LED Lamps for General Lighting with Above 50V" and "Performance Requirements for Self-ballasted LED Lamps for General Lighting". This product has independent use and is more relevant to other accessory products. Small features, so its standards are relatively complete. Coupled with the applicable EMC assessment criteria, it has basically become a comprehensive assessment system.
For lighting LEDs and their LED modules, the five standards formulated this year, "Glossary and definitions of LEDs and LED modules for general lighting", "Test methods for LED modules for general lighting", "Safety requirements for LED modules for general lighting", "Ordinary Performance requirements for LED modules for lighting, and industry standards "Performance requirements for LEDs for general lighting" (has become a draft for approval). The five standards formulated this year have greatly improved the assessment requirements for such finished products. It should be said that when these lighting LED standards reported this year were issued, China’s standard system for LEDs for lighting and their final products has been Basically formed.
Third, the existing general lighting LED and its final product standard defects
According to the content of the first part of the product standard system in this paper, the current (and forthcoming) standards of the second part of this paper and the contents of these standards can be found. Some product standards with LED as a light source have obvious defects, mainly Expressed in the following aspects:
1. As an illumination source, because of its own particularity, it is necessary to meet the requirements of the control device that works with it. For example, in the performance standards of fluorescent lamps and the standards of HID sources, the specifications for each lamp are given. "The design requirements of the ballast, so that the control device can provide a normal operation for the light source during use, play its special features, and ensure the proper conditions of the life of the light source, and the performance standards of the LEDs for illumination that have been approved so far. There is no such requirement in the middle.
2. As a lighting source, it is generally installed in a luminaire or similar device to be sold as a commodity to consumers. Due to the particularity of the work of the light source, the luminaire is also required to meet the requirements. For example, the standard of fluorescent lamps and HID lamps will give "the design requirements of the luminaires. It is required to pay attention to the corresponding requirements of the light source when designing the luminaires, and provide a good working condition for the work of the light source, so that the characteristics of the light source can be utilized. To ensure the service life of the light source in the luminaire, and there is no such part in the relevant standards for LEDs that have been approved for lighting.
3. The luminaire is a durable consumer product. Therefore, in the safety requirements of the luminaire, the durability test project requires that the luminaire can still work normally after the abnormal state of the light source is tested and the light source is replaced. In the thermal test, the internal electronic components are measured. And the temperature of the component, whether the surface temperature exceeds the tc value when the thermal equilibrium is continuously worked. The junction temperature of the LED light source during operation is an important parameter related to the light efficiency and the service life. However, there are currently no requirements for measurement and limitation in the lamp standard.
The above three points are the most important part of the lighting LED entering the general lighting field, and play a leading role in the light source products and the final lighting products. However, at present, there is a clear disconnect between the industry in China. The reasons are mainly two aspects. First, the manufacturers of LEDs and their modules have not carefully verified the mass-produced products, and failed to provide the products of each model specification in the typical working state. The corresponding curve of Vf-junction temperature, the corresponding curve of light effect-junction temperature, also does not provide the temperature limit value measured by the reference point of the LED light source under typical working conditions. Another reason is that the majority of luminaire manufacturers have not fully understood and realized that LEDs used as light sources must be guaranteed in addition to general safety requirements, light efficiency requirements, and EMC requirements when applied to luminaires. When all the most unfavorable conditions that may occur are still produced, it is still necessary to ensure good working conditions, so that the characteristics of the long life of the LED can be fully exerted.
Fourth, efforts and prospects
In the process of formulating the relevant standards for general lighting LEDs that have been approved in 2008, a few people of insight in China have considered the above problems, but suffer from the lack of sufficient verification data and related information, so they cannot rush to put this part of the content. Written into these standards, only the industry standard "Light-emitting diode performance requirements for general lighting", proposed a relatively thick light effect - junction temperature characteristic curve and reference thermal resistance measurement method. This, on the other hand, illustrates the imperfections of these standards for the approval of LEDs as general illumination sources and the features that will be revised in the near future.
At the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the LED products for lighting in the field of landscape decorative lighting and display lighting, its advantages have been fully demonstrated, but as a professional technician in this field, it should be soberly aware that in the LED enters the ordinary There are still many difficulties to be overcome on the road in the field of lighting, mainly:
1. As a responsible manufacturer of LEDs for lighting and their modules, in addition to improving LED light efficiency, color rendering index, and maintaining color temperature consistency, it is necessary to study and give each batch production. The Vf-junction temperature curve of the model specification LED, the junction temperature-light efficiency curve, and the limit value of the reference temperature measurement point when working in the luminaire are not only for the design needs of the final luminaire product, but also for the LED light source manufacturer. The improvement of its own technical level and the development of its products.
2. As a lighting design designer and a lighting manufacturing enterprise, the various curves provided by the LED light source enterprise should be fully understood. The meaning of each parameter should be designed in addition to ensuring that the lighting can meet the requirements of safety, EMC and light distribution performance. Under various unfavorable conditions, LEDs can also be guaranteed to have a good working environment with sufficient margin. This will ensure that the LED will ensure its long life at a higher level of light efficiency.
3. As a scientific research, testing organization and professional standardization technical committee, we should study the characteristics of lighting LED and its modules, research more suitable standard LED lights, and propose better and more perfect measuring methods to make China's in this respect. The level of detection has reached the international advanced rank. At the same time, it guides LED manufacturers to test the credible Vf-junction temperature curve and junction temperature-light efficiency curve for each shaped LED light source. And complete the perfection of product standards in this area as soon as possible.
Only the majority of practitioners can correctly identify the applicable standards in the manufacturing process of LEDs and their final products, understand the current deficiencies, self-improvement, and implement this correct and comprehensive understanding into product design. Then the application level of lighting LEDs and their lamps and lanterns will be greatly improved, and the technical level of LEDs and their final products will reach a new height.
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